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Testosterone replacement therapy with the long-acting injection formulation of testosterone undecanoate has been shown to return testosterone levels to normal and improve erectile function in European men with low testosterone (also known as hypogonadism) and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, there has been little information about how safe and effective the testosterone undecanoate injection is in Asian men. This study treated 133 Korean patients aged 42 to 75 years (average age 54 years) who had ED and low testosterone. The men received a series of three testosterone undecanoate injections; one at the start of the study then again after 6 and 18 weeks.

This study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, identified the most important symptoms linked to late-onset hypogonadism (low testosterone levels in aging men) in a large group of men representative of the general population. When testosterone levels were also taken into consideration, having these three symptoms and low testosterone levels was a specific diagnosis of late-onset hypogonadism.

The TADTEST study examined whether adding testosterone replacement therapy could improve sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who had not responded to the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil, a prescription drug used to treat ED. It also investigated the effect that testosterone levels had on response to a PDE5 inhibitor to see if there was a threshold value for testosterone therapy to improve the effectiveness of PDE5 inhibitor therapy.

This study carefully evaluated available good quality studies that compared the levels of testosterone in men with or without the metabolic syndrome to see if metabolic syndrome is linked to low testosterone. The study also looked at the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to examine whether long-term testosterone replacement therapy could help improve risk factors for heart disease and reduce narrowing of the arteries in men with low testosterone levels who also had metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes.

There is increasing evidence that erectile dysfunction may be a warning sign of a number of disease conditions, such as high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, depression and coronary heart disease.

Nearly 1700 men attending an andrology clinic for erectile dysfunction were monitored for an average of 4.3 years to find out whether those with low testosterone levels were more likely to suffer a major cardiovascular disease event, such as a heart attack or stroke.